The Female Role During William Shakespeare s Much Ado...

The female role during Shakespeare’s era is that of daughter, wife, or mother. There was no greater ambition to which women could aspire, especially for the women of the upper class. The only gain a woman could make was to find a good match for a husband. In Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare portrays the perceived faults, flaws, and fidelity the women of his time faced through the characters Hero and Beatrice. In Much Ado About Nothing, Hero and Beatrice, while cousins, are opposite sides of the same coin; and are as different as day and night. Hero is the height of respectable femininity as a quiet and dutiful daughter. While Beatrice’s witty, outspoken and opinionated personality is a mark against her beauty. Both of the women represent two very different versions of a female, yet, in the end, both of them are defined by the act of marriage. Stressing that the highest that these women could reach was for a husband. Hero is an example of the perfect woman as described by Benedick. She is â€Å"fair,† â€Å"wise,† â€Å"virtuous,† â€Å"mild,† â€Å"noble,† and â€Å"of good discourse† (2.3.23-29), all qualities needed to tempt a man into marriage. Count Claudio is so ensnared by â€Å"soft and delicate desires† (1.1.249) for young Hero that he falls in love with her at first sight. When a marriage proposal is brought before Hero’s father, Leonato, he decides to â€Å"acquaint [his] daughter withal, [so] that she may be the/ better prepared for an answer† (1.2.18-19). Leonato allows his only child to beShow MoreRelated Beatrice of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesBeatrice of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing One of the most intriguing characters from Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing must be Beatrice. An intelligent, well-spoken (and, perhaps more interesting, outspoken) young woman, she is an almost exact opposite of her cousin, Hero. What makes Beatrice so different than what one expects of a woman during Shakespeare’s time? Why did Shakespeare decide to make her such a strong female character? It begs the question of what women wereRead MoreThe Lives of The Female Characters In Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lives of The Female Characters In Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare It is hard to imagine that there could or ever have been restrictions on the choice of one’s spouse become a reality, more so far for women than men. Women’s rights, especially when it came to choosing a mate, were minimal during the Elizabethan period. Marriages for women tended to be arranged or not allowed before, during and after the 16th century. 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Indeed, the play is about nothing; it follows the relationships of Claudio and Hero (which is constantly hampered by plots to disrupt it), and in the end, the play culminates in the two other main characters falling in love (Beatrice and Bena*censored*), which, because it was an event that was quite predictableRead MoreEssay on Kate in William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew1760 Words   |  8 PagesKate in William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Katharina or Kate, the shrew of William Shakespeares The Taming Of The Shrew is sharp-tongued, quick-tempered, and prone to violence and violent outbursts, especially to anyone who tries to win her love. This is shown from the beginning in Act One with the scene among Hortensio and Gremio and her. When Gremio proclaims her too rough Read MoreWomen as Commodity8915 Words   |  36 Pageswomen are being tricked as commodity. In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, not only focused on the love story of Claudio and Hero; the volatile relationship of Beatrice and Benedik but it also goes much deeper in exploring the tensions between the sexes in a society where female chastity is equated with virtue, and that virtues serve as the measurement of a womans worth. In women in the story interprets Shakespeares viewpoint about women state before. That women were treated as commoditiesRead MoreWomen as Commodity8899 Words   |  36 Pagesare being tricked as commodity. In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, not only focused on the love story of Claudio and Hero; the volatile relationship of Beatrice and Benedik but it also goes much deeper in exploring the tensions between the sexes in a society where female chastity is equated with virtue, and that virtues serve as the measurement of a womans worth. In women in the story interprets Shakespeares viewpoint about women state before. That women were treated as commoditiesRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts

The Impact of Counterterrorism on Immigration and Homeland Security Free Essays

string(68) " are the only agency that can authorize visas to enter our country\." Counterterrorism is a practice that is very necessary in order to continue the American way of life. When we think about Counterterrorism, what comes to mind is preventative measures against terrorist attacks from countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq or simply the Middle East. After 9/11, we became suspicious of people who did not look American. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Counterterrorism on Immigration and Homeland Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a very difficult characteristic to ask for because America is made up of many types of people. Americans do not have an â€Å"American Look†. In my paper, I hope to delve into the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) focusing on the United States Citizens Immigrations Services (USCIS).Both agencies work in deterring Terrorism in our country. By exploring the roles these agencies play in securing our borders, we will have a better understanding of what also needs to be done to maintain that security. Homeland Security In order to understand how to protect our country we must first become familiar with the agencies. Crank and Gregor (2005) explain how Homeland security has come to the limelight post 9/11. Our country’s security was not something that normal individuals pondered. It took a tragic event to force us to look at security issues our country faces.Crank and Gregor (2005) give us background on Homeland Security by explaining that Tom Ridge was the first director who was an attorney and served twice as governor of Pennsylvania. He was also a close friend of President Bush. It was apparent that our government was in need of an agency to specifically assist the needs of protecting the United States. The Department of Homeland Security was created from the Office of Homeland Security in 2003. It is also charged with counterterrorism. DHS includes law enforcement agencies, such as the Secret Service, the Border Patrol, the new Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the U.S. Customs Service and other agencies. It has its own military force, the U. S. Coast Guard, and the Coast Guard has limited law enforcement power. DHS is responsible for port security and transportation systems. (White, Jonathan R. , (2008) This agency is separate from the Department of Defense but is made up of many retired military personnel who have the military experience but whose sole job is the protection of our country. White adds that there has been much confusion about making the separation between what agencies provided what services.The goal that all agencies have is the same: to protect the United States of America from all threats, foreign and domestic. (White, Jonathan R. , (2008) After 9/11, one agency that received much attention was the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS). Today, this agency is called United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). They serve within the umbrella of Homeland Security. The terrorists that boarded on 9/11 were foreigners who had entered the country then committed the most atrocious crime our country had ever suffered.This information attracted the attention of how we admit foreign-born individuals into our country. There are several questions that we should explore: (1) How should we control the immigration issue? (2) Should the government deny individuals from certain countries entry to the United States? (3) If the U. S. tightens immigration standards, can terrorist attacks be stopped? Immigration Immigration has always been present in America. When Christopher Columbus first set foot in American, unknowingly, he was already an immigrant.The United States has been built by people who have left there country in fear of persecution for practicing their religion, lack of opportunities to support their families, freedom, and those who were brought to this country against their will and sold. The typical model that we have to identify Americans is that we have none. We come from many different ethnicities, religions and cultures. After 9/11, immigration became a topic that became hot again. There are individuals that believe that if we can modify our view on immigration we can prevent future assaults on our country. Although immigration was not the root cause of 9/11, and reforming immigration policy may not prevent future 9/11’s, some improvements in immigration policy may indeed increase our ability to thwart terrorist efforts and such changes should be carefully evaluated. Kritz Mary (2002) I fully agree with this article. Until 9/11 happened, we heard much talk of how we need to strengthen immigration and not allow any more people into the U. S. These attacks rattled the country but also made our government more suspicious of everyone on the outside.The most common issue that was raised regarding immigration was the influx of Mexicans crossing the border and taking jobs away from hard working Americans. To help resolve this issue, our government has designed a program that will allow these individuals to come to the U. S. to work within a time frame and then return back to their country of origin. U. S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) uses scanning equipment to collect biometric identifiers such as fingerprints, in an inkless process, along with a digital photograph of the visitor.This screening is now being used by USCIS since March 2004 in order to verify that every individual who passes through American borders is legal. This is how the program works: First the person requesting the VISA must give biographic and biometric information and then verify port of entry. Once cleared member will be issued VISA. Now when the individual travels to the U. S. the Boarder patrol agent will collect travel documents, passport and/or visa. The visa is swiped thru machine to verified by State Department’s database.Once information is on the screen the officer will ask visitor to place index finger on scanner and then takes picture of visitor. This is to verify that the person is the same person who was issued visa. (Nakaya, 2005) I feel every American should be in this database, which will make it easier to create a national identification card. The job of the State Department has also become very difficult. They are the only agency that can authorize visas to enter our country. You read "The Impact of Counterterrorism on Immigration and Homeland Security" in category "Papers" They have the job of questioning individuals of why they need or want to enter this country.USCIS steps in when a foreigner is seeking a specific status within the United States. Being stationed overseas before provides me opportunity to see how the process works. Many of our American service members marry foreign nationals and we must make sure that they are aware of the procedure they must follow to have their spouses accompany them to the United States. This is a lengthy process but being in the military has its advantages. Procedure times are reduced for military personnel specially those stationed overseas.USA PATRIOT (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) The event of 9/11 caused the American government to also look into how many liberties we are given within our own country. National Liberties were re-evaluated and some were thought to be too generous for our own good. In a survey asking whether the U. S. should restrict civil liberties. Moore, 2002 information collected provides us with insight as to what Americans think. Thirty-eight point six percent of General Americans believe that wiretapping is acceptable while 46. % of Muslim Americans believe it is acceptable. Thirty point seven percent of General Americans believe searches without warrants are acceptable while 32. 4% of Muslim Americans agree. Nineteen point two percent of General Americans believe Internment camps are acceptable while 21. 4% of Muslim Americans agree it is acceptable. Fifteen point eight percent of General Americans believe Indefinite Detention without hearing are acceptable while 13. 7% of Muslims agree. Forty-five point one percent of General Americans believe that Ethnic profiling is acceptable while 52. 4% of Muslim Americans agree.These numbers were surprising because the news wires always seem to report that Muslim Americans are very uncooperative and feel that they are being scrutinized. This survey shed light on attitudes that not only are shared by General Americans but also Muslim Americans who are being focused on by the media. (Moore, 2002) Tumlin (2004) states that civil liberties will affect civil rights and make an impact on how our country treats immigration. In her comments, she makes us aware that the constitution does not merely protect American â€Å"citizens† but all â€Å"persons† no matter what their status in the United States.She states: Yet not all immigrants are considered equally suspect. Immigrants from nations with purported ties to al Qaeda receive increased attention through a form or profiling based on a combination of immigration status and nationality. I call this new form â€Å"immigration-plus† profiling. Immigration-plus profiling conflates nationality with religion and targets immigrants from nations with sizable Muslim populations for selective enforcement of immigrant laws. Tumlin (2004) Her explanation concurs with the thoughts of many Americans. This is what is broadcasted in televisions across the country. We seem to have learned to be distrustful of Muslims. It seems that our law enforcers have also learned that attitude and our immigration procedures seem to reflect dislike for individuals from those countries. Our country can in fact deny entry if you come from a country in the Middle East. This is not blatantly outright, but subtle enough to maintain it is not â€Å"illegal†. Some individuals are requested to register even though they already live in the United States. Merely changing one thing cannot stop terrorism. By having agencies work collectively, they can share information and determine what solution works best for specific situations. Shutting down our borders is not the way to deter terrorism. Despite the existence of such a long list of antiterrorist conventions and legal provisions, the colossal terrorist attacks on September 11 could not be predicted or prevented. Haque (2005) I believe that there is some truth to this statement. While there is no way to know with certainty that this could have been prevented, we must take a look at what aided in failing to detect that something could have occurred. Our government monitors the transfer of so much information, we must reevaluate how we process the information and who analyzes it.Publicized information from the government shows nothing out of the ordinary when the terrorist boarded the plane. It appears that the only thing that could have prevented this occurrence is if the airline attendants had the capacity to read minds. Since they do not, we will have to rely on intelligence gathered by agencies regarding people who might be under suspicion. In conclusion While we might be fearful of the tragedies our country has suffered, we must continue to keep in mind that we are what other countries look up to. We are and should continue being the country of immigrants and opportunity.Upon my research, I found that many articles brought up the issue of civil liberties. How much freedom should we allow foreigners in our country? That is an issue that will require much more thought and research. Terrorism is very present in our times but with the development of Homeland Security and USCIS, we will be able to better track individuals that enter our country and for what reasons. Our borders continue to need work because it is nearly impossible to make sure no person enters the country illegally. Some individual’s determination to be in the U.S. is to work for income; others come for reasons of hate. Bottom line is as Americans we all have the responsibility to support our government and its laws. We must continue as individuals to be vigilant and protect the citizens that are in our country now. As others threaten our country, we must all unite and show the world that we intend on to keep our way of life. Earlier I stated that Americans do not have an â€Å"American Look†. I think that we may indeed have one. We have a look in our eyes that says, â€Å"We are American†. It is a feeling of pride and joy.To say â€Å"I am an American† is a privilege. It is not an ethnocentric attitude, but simply a reality in our world. Despite the hatred displayed to us by terrorist, we continue to stand tall and know that what we stand for is right. How to cite The Impact of Counterterrorism on Immigration and Homeland Security, Papers

Operant Conditioning Thesis

Question: Discuss about theOperant Conditioning Thesis. Answer: Introduction and Thesis Operant conditioning theory on human behaviour has been used in classroom setups to manage students and pupils alike. The case study under review is of a primary school teacher who is managing her class, however the pupils are non participatory on her teaching and they are not engaging the teacher on the class activities as required. There is laxity in class as they are not completing exams and their home works. The teacher has made a resolution to change the behaviour of the class. In progress to behaviour change, operant conducting behaviour model will be used. Operant conditional tool is a method of behaviour learning through the use of reinforces which act like motivators that are a product of our action, (Skinner, 2007). Discipline is essential for the success of the child and to promote development. Many teaching staff needs that. It is always to think discipline will come from punishment. Operant conditioning model encourages positive reinforcement which is applicable to the classroom environment. The theory utilises both the negative and positive agents of change or reinforcements so as to encourage the positive behaviour of the students in class, while preventing the occurrence of bad behaviour characterised by keeping quiet with no response while the teacher is teaching in class. The psychology experts and bigwigs have observed that every action has impacts and effects, if it is good, the behaviour will be repeated severally, however when the experience is not good, it will not be repeated next time, (Vargas, 2005). It is during this time that better development of behaviours will be developed and enhanced for the children to adopt the required behaviour for learning. Operant conditioning has been utilized in various situations which has been found to be effective in the classroom environment, one the various ways of behaviour reinforcement is by use of praise to the children, (Skinner, 2007). It is used in the classroom and has been utilized in behaviour change for children. It is a simplified way of working of learning with the use of reinforces that cab are a product of our actions for this case classroom activity. Teachers often spend more time in class rooms during teaching time; hence the responsibility of the teacher increases with time to manage proper behaviour. For this reason it is paramount for the educators to be aware and understand the how to effectively utilise the theory for effective practice. This paper thesis will look at the operant conditioning to present the right hypothesis for the class room scenario for teacher Jane regarding the behaviour portrayed by her pupils with regard to improving the learning atmosphere in the cla ss. Evaluation of the Scenario Fifth graders children typically have physical changes which are in different from the other categories of ages. They displayed social emotional, cognitive and language behaviours. Research has shown that at this stage, children display multiple font characteristics which often shown at a go, they may include changes in height, weight and eyesight and many more. Many fifth graders have shown to display extrovert traits; they often need to a talk and share the need. They usually love to talk and display their feelings in their environment. The common characteristics of these children are that you can capitalize as an asset to help the students to cope up and improve on their classroom behaviour, (Wood, 2007). Talk characteristic is one of the many traits the fifth graders have in common. The social emotional traits of these children include the act of being happy and enjoy the company of their peers and working well in groups. As a teacher, capitalizing on this advantage is great, building of groups and working into lessons and projects. Flexible work groups among these children works well with lots of different people. These children enjoy co-cooperativeness and competitive games, this can enhance the opportunity for peer tutoring and mentoring in class. This children further are able to take pride in school work and the ability to concentrate for longer periods of time, (AACP, 2000). Fifth graders hence have shown to prefer in working in smaller groups, and are a bit tense hence being careful in giving direction is essential, and that they have shorter lifespan attentions in class. Use of positive and negative reinforcements is predominant at this stage. During the class time, the pupils are required to remain quiet and lift their hands up when they want to make any contribution in class. When the child exhibits an exemplary performance the teacher praises the child like, great effort John, or keep it up . In this way children feel praised and after getting such positive statement appraisal. The pride gotten will be likely to be replicated and more likely to be replicated in the future and hence high chance of behaving during class time. In this way the teacher has managed to teach the children the behaviour she expects from them to behave through positive reinforcement, the child is highly likely to impress the teacher next time and thus achievement for good gesture outcomes for the two sides, that is the teacher and the child. Rewards and gifts can be used but care should be considered so as not to be over used as it may lead to over dependency. For example provision of biscuits to child, may become too adjusted, becomes struggle to act in the same way without being given such a gift as a reward. In order to incorporate operant conditioning into lessons plans, good teaching of useful skills is essential. Usage of symbols like smiles on faces, good work stamps and stickers, gives them an encouragement to redo the satisfying work again and again repeatedly. Reinforcement such as when a pupil does something which is good like doing a particular problem, if done correctly you administer praise to impact the joy that th ey have done right, and when done the opposite, you tempt them from performing that way in the future. Punishment has been used in school as negative reinforce, (Shteingert, Hanan Yonatan, 2014). It is used to modify behaviour. Its usage on childrens development can be counterproductive in that it creates fear among the children which eventually results in disinterest to learn and achieve positive behaviour, (Ormord Rice, 2003). Punishment at times leads to disconnection between the action and consequence. When a child misbehaves in class, the teacher will be forced to discipline and the child resists the discipline until the senior teacher intervenes, this shows delay in the punishment delivery. Operant conditioning theory however dont advocate for punishment for behaviour change, instead, they advocate for focus on identifying traits that bring pleasurable result. Effective classroom management in this case study is possible to achieve without using punishment, use of reinforcement can achieve desired behaviours without the students feeling being harassed or in the use of punishment, (Skinner Ferster, 2015). These techniques used can have an impact on the childrens character role. The wider range of behavioural issue learnt can have a positive impact on the pupils, due to different styles used in teaching and the learning styles which are varied. Every teacher desires to have a unique approach on how to handle his/her class and effect the desired behaviour change need and the terminal behaviour they want to see When effectively used, classical and operant condition are effective approach towards maintaining a conducive classroom for effective learning. Strengths of the Theory in the Case Study Theory of operant conditioning is that child behaviour in classroom for behaviour is that presence of a reward is likely to motivate the good behaviour from happening. And when there is no reward or a positive reinforcement, the child would have no motivation to repeat the behaviour change desired. When a child misbehaves there are negative reinforces she/he will get. There are consequences that accompany negative reinforcement. Punishment on the child after a negative or unwanted behaviour is likely to be modelled again, (De Houwer, Branes Moors, 2013). Children automatically make correlation between good behaviour with rewards and bad behaviour is associated with punishment. It is evident that good behaviour yield good result while the bad behaviour produces bad result. The forms of the theory are helpful in managing the students behaviour. When the pupils misbehave a reward should be given in form of punishment. The teacher can take any privilege given to the child, or allocate extra work or some kind of punishment. However when children behave well they are give positive privileges which act as reinforcement. If the students dont get to participate in class, they will get low grades which are like negative reinforcements, thus this theory is advantages in raising children and teaching them. Weakness of the Theory The theory has been taunted to strictly deal with either bad or good behaviour. Teacher keeps reinforcing the children for positive behaviours for good child behaviour during the first few times. It is required for the child to get into continuation and prolonging the good behaviour. The child should thus continue with good behaviour after the stopping of the reinforcements. Reward should be extinct for good behaviour, however when the reward is stopped the child is likely to stop the good behaviour as well. Also child can be punished severally on the behaviour change, till she/he loses the motivation to even start working on the behaviour change. The child will need good motivation again to start to behave in the expected way. The negative reinforcement on the child might not directly be linked to adequately motivate the child to behave well, (Waren Hale, 2016). In the class set up implementation of the theory, it requires the need for students to work in groups and engage each other. The theory starts from the low level engaging the students on the low level and through reinforcements they move up the ladder. The teacher in the classroom gives the pupils assignment and tasks to complete, which are eventually done till complete. Theory lacks contact communication and motivation for the children, which is biggest weakness, the students need to be encouraged and have group discussions in a way that they figure out things through experimenting on the tasks given. Evaluation of otherLearning Theories Other learning theories such as Kohlberg, Erikson, Piaget and Bandura, is that their focus on learning is that they contribute information to the body of knowledge, they are precise and testable and they offer clinical insights for practical applications in the real life situations. However disparities have shown to take effect. These theories combined often exhibit over simplification of situations, bases its studies on natural settings and pay too little attention to cognition, (Green Piel, 2015). Conclusion Operant conditioning is an effective tool for behaviour change in the classroom set up. However when conditions leads to on beneficial development, it undergoes a process called extinction. It is slow process which can appear to be rarely complete and original behaviour is likely to reappear. In this case, the habits of not participating in class and doing assignments as required may re-occur to the initial stage. Hence care must be observed when achieving behaviour change so as to escape extinction phase. Discipline in class ensures that child development is achieved. Good discipline can be enhanced using the operant conditioning, which it motivates on positive behaviour reinforcement which is applicable to class room environment. With this review, operant conditioning needs to be approached on a balanced approach for effective and maximization of its effect. Key issue is the observance of reward and pupils engagement for the pupils in order to improve the behaviour. Thus in my perspective, operant conditioning is suitable in effective the change of habit among the pupils. Reference AACP (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) and David Pruitt, (2000). Your child emotional behaviour and cognitive development from Birth through preadolescence. De Houwer, J., Barnes-Holmes, D., Moors, A. (2013). What is learning? On the nature and merits of a functional definition of learning. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 20(4), 631-642. Green, M. G., Piel, J. A. (2015). Theories of human development: A comparative approach. Psychology Press. Ormrod, J. E. Rice, F. P. (2003). Lifespan development and learning. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing. Shteingart, H., Loewenstein, Y. (2014). Reinforcement learning and human behavior. Current opinion in neurobiology, 25, 93-98. Skinner in the Classroom Cont. McLeod, S. A. (2007). B.F. Skinner | Operant Conditioning. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html Skinner, B. F., Ferster, C. B. (2015). Schedules of reinforcement. BF Skinner Foundation. Vargas, Julie S. (2005) A Brief Biography of B.F. Skinner, https://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html 2012 B.F. Skinner Foundation Warren, J. M., Hale, R. W. (2016). The influence of efficacy beliefs on teacher performance and student success: Implications for student support services. Journal of Rational-Emotive Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 34(3), 187-208. Wood Chip, (2207). Children in the classroom ages 4-14, 3rd Ed North Esstern Foundation for children.