The Female Role During William Shakespeare s Much Ado...

The female role during Shakespeare’s era is that of daughter, wife, or mother. There was no greater ambition to which women could aspire, especially for the women of the upper class. The only gain a woman could make was to find a good match for a husband. In Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare portrays the perceived faults, flaws, and fidelity the women of his time faced through the characters Hero and Beatrice. In Much Ado About Nothing, Hero and Beatrice, while cousins, are opposite sides of the same coin; and are as different as day and night. Hero is the height of respectable femininity as a quiet and dutiful daughter. While Beatrice’s witty, outspoken and opinionated personality is a mark against her beauty. Both of the women represent two very different versions of a female, yet, in the end, both of them are defined by the act of marriage. Stressing that the highest that these women could reach was for a husband. Hero is an example of the perfect woman as described by Benedick. She is â€Å"fair,† â€Å"wise,† â€Å"virtuous,† â€Å"mild,† â€Å"noble,† and â€Å"of good discourse† (2.3.23-29), all qualities needed to tempt a man into marriage. Count Claudio is so ensnared by â€Å"soft and delicate desires† (1.1.249) for young Hero that he falls in love with her at first sight. When a marriage proposal is brought before Hero’s father, Leonato, he decides to â€Å"acquaint [his] daughter withal, [so] that she may be the/ better prepared for an answer† (1.2.18-19). Leonato allows his only child to beShow MoreRelated Beatrice of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesBeatrice of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing One of the most intriguing characters from Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing must be Beatrice. An intelligent, well-spoken (and, perhaps more interesting, outspoken) young woman, she is an almost exact opposite of her cousin, Hero. What makes Beatrice so different than what one expects of a woman during Shakespeare’s time? Why did Shakespeare decide to make her such a strong female character? It begs the question of what women wereRead MoreThe Lives of The Female Characters In Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lives of The Female Characters In Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare It is hard to imagine that there could or ever have been restrictions on the choice of one’s spouse become a reality, more so far for women than men. Women’s rights, especially when it came to choosing a mate, were minimal during the Elizabethan period. Marriages for women tended to be arranged or not allowed before, during and after the 16th century. 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Indeed, the play is about nothing; it follows the relationships of Claudio and Hero (which is constantly hampered by plots to disrupt it), and in the end, the play culminates in the two other main characters falling in love (Beatrice and Bena*censored*), which, because it was an event that was quite predictableRead MoreEssay on Kate in William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew1760 Words   |  8 PagesKate in William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Katharina or Kate, the shrew of William Shakespeares The Taming Of The Shrew is sharp-tongued, quick-tempered, and prone to violence and violent outbursts, especially to anyone who tries to win her love. This is shown from the beginning in Act One with the scene among Hortensio and Gremio and her. When Gremio proclaims her too rough Read MoreWomen as Commodity8915 Words   |  36 Pageswomen are being tricked as commodity. In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, not only focused on the love story of Claudio and Hero; the volatile relationship of Beatrice and Benedik but it also goes much deeper in exploring the tensions between the sexes in a society where female chastity is equated with virtue, and that virtues serve as the measurement of a womans worth. In women in the story interprets Shakespeares viewpoint about women state before. That women were treated as commoditiesRead MoreWomen as Commodity8899 Words   |  36 Pagesare being tricked as commodity. In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, not only focused on the love story of Claudio and Hero; the volatile relationship of Beatrice and Benedik but it also goes much deeper in exploring the tensions between the sexes in a society where female chastity is equated with virtue, and that virtues serve as the measurement of a womans worth. In women in the story interprets Shakespeares viewpoint about women state before. That women were treated as commoditiesRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts

The Impact of Counterterrorism on Immigration and Homeland Security Free Essays

string(68) " are the only agency that can authorize visas to enter our country\." Counterterrorism is a practice that is very necessary in order to continue the American way of life. When we think about Counterterrorism, what comes to mind is preventative measures against terrorist attacks from countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq or simply the Middle East. After 9/11, we became suspicious of people who did not look American. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Counterterrorism on Immigration and Homeland Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a very difficult characteristic to ask for because America is made up of many types of people. Americans do not have an â€Å"American Look†. In my paper, I hope to delve into the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) focusing on the United States Citizens Immigrations Services (USCIS).Both agencies work in deterring Terrorism in our country. By exploring the roles these agencies play in securing our borders, we will have a better understanding of what also needs to be done to maintain that security. Homeland Security In order to understand how to protect our country we must first become familiar with the agencies. Crank and Gregor (2005) explain how Homeland security has come to the limelight post 9/11. Our country’s security was not something that normal individuals pondered. It took a tragic event to force us to look at security issues our country faces.Crank and Gregor (2005) give us background on Homeland Security by explaining that Tom Ridge was the first director who was an attorney and served twice as governor of Pennsylvania. He was also a close friend of President Bush. It was apparent that our government was in need of an agency to specifically assist the needs of protecting the United States. The Department of Homeland Security was created from the Office of Homeland Security in 2003. It is also charged with counterterrorism. DHS includes law enforcement agencies, such as the Secret Service, the Border Patrol, the new Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the U.S. Customs Service and other agencies. It has its own military force, the U. S. Coast Guard, and the Coast Guard has limited law enforcement power. DHS is responsible for port security and transportation systems. (White, Jonathan R. , (2008) This agency is separate from the Department of Defense but is made up of many retired military personnel who have the military experience but whose sole job is the protection of our country. White adds that there has been much confusion about making the separation between what agencies provided what services.The goal that all agencies have is the same: to protect the United States of America from all threats, foreign and domestic. (White, Jonathan R. , (2008) After 9/11, one agency that received much attention was the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS). Today, this agency is called United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). They serve within the umbrella of Homeland Security. The terrorists that boarded on 9/11 were foreigners who had entered the country then committed the most atrocious crime our country had ever suffered.This information attracted the attention of how we admit foreign-born individuals into our country. There are several questions that we should explore: (1) How should we control the immigration issue? (2) Should the government deny individuals from certain countries entry to the United States? (3) If the U. S. tightens immigration standards, can terrorist attacks be stopped? Immigration Immigration has always been present in America. When Christopher Columbus first set foot in American, unknowingly, he was already an immigrant.The United States has been built by people who have left there country in fear of persecution for practicing their religion, lack of opportunities to support their families, freedom, and those who were brought to this country against their will and sold. The typical model that we have to identify Americans is that we have none. We come from many different ethnicities, religions and cultures. After 9/11, immigration became a topic that became hot again. There are individuals that believe that if we can modify our view on immigration we can prevent future assaults on our country. Although immigration was not the root cause of 9/11, and reforming immigration policy may not prevent future 9/11’s, some improvements in immigration policy may indeed increase our ability to thwart terrorist efforts and such changes should be carefully evaluated. Kritz Mary (2002) I fully agree with this article. Until 9/11 happened, we heard much talk of how we need to strengthen immigration and not allow any more people into the U. S. These attacks rattled the country but also made our government more suspicious of everyone on the outside.The most common issue that was raised regarding immigration was the influx of Mexicans crossing the border and taking jobs away from hard working Americans. To help resolve this issue, our government has designed a program that will allow these individuals to come to the U. S. to work within a time frame and then return back to their country of origin. U. S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) uses scanning equipment to collect biometric identifiers such as fingerprints, in an inkless process, along with a digital photograph of the visitor.This screening is now being used by USCIS since March 2004 in order to verify that every individual who passes through American borders is legal. This is how the program works: First the person requesting the VISA must give biographic and biometric information and then verify port of entry. Once cleared member will be issued VISA. Now when the individual travels to the U. S. the Boarder patrol agent will collect travel documents, passport and/or visa. The visa is swiped thru machine to verified by State Department’s database.Once information is on the screen the officer will ask visitor to place index finger on scanner and then takes picture of visitor. This is to verify that the person is the same person who was issued visa. (Nakaya, 2005) I feel every American should be in this database, which will make it easier to create a national identification card. The job of the State Department has also become very difficult. They are the only agency that can authorize visas to enter our country. You read "The Impact of Counterterrorism on Immigration and Homeland Security" in category "Papers" They have the job of questioning individuals of why they need or want to enter this country.USCIS steps in when a foreigner is seeking a specific status within the United States. Being stationed overseas before provides me opportunity to see how the process works. Many of our American service members marry foreign nationals and we must make sure that they are aware of the procedure they must follow to have their spouses accompany them to the United States. This is a lengthy process but being in the military has its advantages. Procedure times are reduced for military personnel specially those stationed overseas.USA PATRIOT (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) The event of 9/11 caused the American government to also look into how many liberties we are given within our own country. National Liberties were re-evaluated and some were thought to be too generous for our own good. In a survey asking whether the U. S. should restrict civil liberties. Moore, 2002 information collected provides us with insight as to what Americans think. Thirty-eight point six percent of General Americans believe that wiretapping is acceptable while 46. % of Muslim Americans believe it is acceptable. Thirty point seven percent of General Americans believe searches without warrants are acceptable while 32. 4% of Muslim Americans agree. Nineteen point two percent of General Americans believe Internment camps are acceptable while 21. 4% of Muslim Americans agree it is acceptable. Fifteen point eight percent of General Americans believe Indefinite Detention without hearing are acceptable while 13. 7% of Muslims agree. Forty-five point one percent of General Americans believe that Ethnic profiling is acceptable while 52. 4% of Muslim Americans agree.These numbers were surprising because the news wires always seem to report that Muslim Americans are very uncooperative and feel that they are being scrutinized. This survey shed light on attitudes that not only are shared by General Americans but also Muslim Americans who are being focused on by the media. (Moore, 2002) Tumlin (2004) states that civil liberties will affect civil rights and make an impact on how our country treats immigration. In her comments, she makes us aware that the constitution does not merely protect American â€Å"citizens† but all â€Å"persons† no matter what their status in the United States.She states: Yet not all immigrants are considered equally suspect. Immigrants from nations with purported ties to al Qaeda receive increased attention through a form or profiling based on a combination of immigration status and nationality. I call this new form â€Å"immigration-plus† profiling. Immigration-plus profiling conflates nationality with religion and targets immigrants from nations with sizable Muslim populations for selective enforcement of immigrant laws. Tumlin (2004) Her explanation concurs with the thoughts of many Americans. This is what is broadcasted in televisions across the country. We seem to have learned to be distrustful of Muslims. It seems that our law enforcers have also learned that attitude and our immigration procedures seem to reflect dislike for individuals from those countries. Our country can in fact deny entry if you come from a country in the Middle East. This is not blatantly outright, but subtle enough to maintain it is not â€Å"illegal†. Some individuals are requested to register even though they already live in the United States. Merely changing one thing cannot stop terrorism. By having agencies work collectively, they can share information and determine what solution works best for specific situations. Shutting down our borders is not the way to deter terrorism. Despite the existence of such a long list of antiterrorist conventions and legal provisions, the colossal terrorist attacks on September 11 could not be predicted or prevented. Haque (2005) I believe that there is some truth to this statement. While there is no way to know with certainty that this could have been prevented, we must take a look at what aided in failing to detect that something could have occurred. Our government monitors the transfer of so much information, we must reevaluate how we process the information and who analyzes it.Publicized information from the government shows nothing out of the ordinary when the terrorist boarded the plane. It appears that the only thing that could have prevented this occurrence is if the airline attendants had the capacity to read minds. Since they do not, we will have to rely on intelligence gathered by agencies regarding people who might be under suspicion. In conclusion While we might be fearful of the tragedies our country has suffered, we must continue to keep in mind that we are what other countries look up to. We are and should continue being the country of immigrants and opportunity.Upon my research, I found that many articles brought up the issue of civil liberties. How much freedom should we allow foreigners in our country? That is an issue that will require much more thought and research. Terrorism is very present in our times but with the development of Homeland Security and USCIS, we will be able to better track individuals that enter our country and for what reasons. Our borders continue to need work because it is nearly impossible to make sure no person enters the country illegally. Some individual’s determination to be in the U.S. is to work for income; others come for reasons of hate. Bottom line is as Americans we all have the responsibility to support our government and its laws. We must continue as individuals to be vigilant and protect the citizens that are in our country now. As others threaten our country, we must all unite and show the world that we intend on to keep our way of life. Earlier I stated that Americans do not have an â€Å"American Look†. I think that we may indeed have one. We have a look in our eyes that says, â€Å"We are American†. It is a feeling of pride and joy.To say â€Å"I am an American† is a privilege. It is not an ethnocentric attitude, but simply a reality in our world. Despite the hatred displayed to us by terrorist, we continue to stand tall and know that what we stand for is right. How to cite The Impact of Counterterrorism on Immigration and Homeland Security, Papers

Operant Conditioning Thesis

Question: Discuss about theOperant Conditioning Thesis. Answer: Introduction and Thesis Operant conditioning theory on human behaviour has been used in classroom setups to manage students and pupils alike. The case study under review is of a primary school teacher who is managing her class, however the pupils are non participatory on her teaching and they are not engaging the teacher on the class activities as required. There is laxity in class as they are not completing exams and their home works. The teacher has made a resolution to change the behaviour of the class. In progress to behaviour change, operant conducting behaviour model will be used. Operant conditional tool is a method of behaviour learning through the use of reinforces which act like motivators that are a product of our action, (Skinner, 2007). Discipline is essential for the success of the child and to promote development. Many teaching staff needs that. It is always to think discipline will come from punishment. Operant conditioning model encourages positive reinforcement which is applicable to the classroom environment. The theory utilises both the negative and positive agents of change or reinforcements so as to encourage the positive behaviour of the students in class, while preventing the occurrence of bad behaviour characterised by keeping quiet with no response while the teacher is teaching in class. The psychology experts and bigwigs have observed that every action has impacts and effects, if it is good, the behaviour will be repeated severally, however when the experience is not good, it will not be repeated next time, (Vargas, 2005). It is during this time that better development of behaviours will be developed and enhanced for the children to adopt the required behaviour for learning. Operant conditioning has been utilized in various situations which has been found to be effective in the classroom environment, one the various ways of behaviour reinforcement is by use of praise to the children, (Skinner, 2007). It is used in the classroom and has been utilized in behaviour change for children. It is a simplified way of working of learning with the use of reinforces that cab are a product of our actions for this case classroom activity. Teachers often spend more time in class rooms during teaching time; hence the responsibility of the teacher increases with time to manage proper behaviour. For this reason it is paramount for the educators to be aware and understand the how to effectively utilise the theory for effective practice. This paper thesis will look at the operant conditioning to present the right hypothesis for the class room scenario for teacher Jane regarding the behaviour portrayed by her pupils with regard to improving the learning atmosphere in the cla ss. Evaluation of the Scenario Fifth graders children typically have physical changes which are in different from the other categories of ages. They displayed social emotional, cognitive and language behaviours. Research has shown that at this stage, children display multiple font characteristics which often shown at a go, they may include changes in height, weight and eyesight and many more. Many fifth graders have shown to display extrovert traits; they often need to a talk and share the need. They usually love to talk and display their feelings in their environment. The common characteristics of these children are that you can capitalize as an asset to help the students to cope up and improve on their classroom behaviour, (Wood, 2007). Talk characteristic is one of the many traits the fifth graders have in common. The social emotional traits of these children include the act of being happy and enjoy the company of their peers and working well in groups. As a teacher, capitalizing on this advantage is great, building of groups and working into lessons and projects. Flexible work groups among these children works well with lots of different people. These children enjoy co-cooperativeness and competitive games, this can enhance the opportunity for peer tutoring and mentoring in class. This children further are able to take pride in school work and the ability to concentrate for longer periods of time, (AACP, 2000). Fifth graders hence have shown to prefer in working in smaller groups, and are a bit tense hence being careful in giving direction is essential, and that they have shorter lifespan attentions in class. Use of positive and negative reinforcements is predominant at this stage. During the class time, the pupils are required to remain quiet and lift their hands up when they want to make any contribution in class. When the child exhibits an exemplary performance the teacher praises the child like, great effort John, or keep it up . In this way children feel praised and after getting such positive statement appraisal. The pride gotten will be likely to be replicated and more likely to be replicated in the future and hence high chance of behaving during class time. In this way the teacher has managed to teach the children the behaviour she expects from them to behave through positive reinforcement, the child is highly likely to impress the teacher next time and thus achievement for good gesture outcomes for the two sides, that is the teacher and the child. Rewards and gifts can be used but care should be considered so as not to be over used as it may lead to over dependency. For example provision of biscuits to child, may become too adjusted, becomes struggle to act in the same way without being given such a gift as a reward. In order to incorporate operant conditioning into lessons plans, good teaching of useful skills is essential. Usage of symbols like smiles on faces, good work stamps and stickers, gives them an encouragement to redo the satisfying work again and again repeatedly. Reinforcement such as when a pupil does something which is good like doing a particular problem, if done correctly you administer praise to impact the joy that th ey have done right, and when done the opposite, you tempt them from performing that way in the future. Punishment has been used in school as negative reinforce, (Shteingert, Hanan Yonatan, 2014). It is used to modify behaviour. Its usage on childrens development can be counterproductive in that it creates fear among the children which eventually results in disinterest to learn and achieve positive behaviour, (Ormord Rice, 2003). Punishment at times leads to disconnection between the action and consequence. When a child misbehaves in class, the teacher will be forced to discipline and the child resists the discipline until the senior teacher intervenes, this shows delay in the punishment delivery. Operant conditioning theory however dont advocate for punishment for behaviour change, instead, they advocate for focus on identifying traits that bring pleasurable result. Effective classroom management in this case study is possible to achieve without using punishment, use of reinforcement can achieve desired behaviours without the students feeling being harassed or in the use of punishment, (Skinner Ferster, 2015). These techniques used can have an impact on the childrens character role. The wider range of behavioural issue learnt can have a positive impact on the pupils, due to different styles used in teaching and the learning styles which are varied. Every teacher desires to have a unique approach on how to handle his/her class and effect the desired behaviour change need and the terminal behaviour they want to see When effectively used, classical and operant condition are effective approach towards maintaining a conducive classroom for effective learning. Strengths of the Theory in the Case Study Theory of operant conditioning is that child behaviour in classroom for behaviour is that presence of a reward is likely to motivate the good behaviour from happening. And when there is no reward or a positive reinforcement, the child would have no motivation to repeat the behaviour change desired. When a child misbehaves there are negative reinforces she/he will get. There are consequences that accompany negative reinforcement. Punishment on the child after a negative or unwanted behaviour is likely to be modelled again, (De Houwer, Branes Moors, 2013). Children automatically make correlation between good behaviour with rewards and bad behaviour is associated with punishment. It is evident that good behaviour yield good result while the bad behaviour produces bad result. The forms of the theory are helpful in managing the students behaviour. When the pupils misbehave a reward should be given in form of punishment. The teacher can take any privilege given to the child, or allocate extra work or some kind of punishment. However when children behave well they are give positive privileges which act as reinforcement. If the students dont get to participate in class, they will get low grades which are like negative reinforcements, thus this theory is advantages in raising children and teaching them. Weakness of the Theory The theory has been taunted to strictly deal with either bad or good behaviour. Teacher keeps reinforcing the children for positive behaviours for good child behaviour during the first few times. It is required for the child to get into continuation and prolonging the good behaviour. The child should thus continue with good behaviour after the stopping of the reinforcements. Reward should be extinct for good behaviour, however when the reward is stopped the child is likely to stop the good behaviour as well. Also child can be punished severally on the behaviour change, till she/he loses the motivation to even start working on the behaviour change. The child will need good motivation again to start to behave in the expected way. The negative reinforcement on the child might not directly be linked to adequately motivate the child to behave well, (Waren Hale, 2016). In the class set up implementation of the theory, it requires the need for students to work in groups and engage each other. The theory starts from the low level engaging the students on the low level and through reinforcements they move up the ladder. The teacher in the classroom gives the pupils assignment and tasks to complete, which are eventually done till complete. Theory lacks contact communication and motivation for the children, which is biggest weakness, the students need to be encouraged and have group discussions in a way that they figure out things through experimenting on the tasks given. Evaluation of otherLearning Theories Other learning theories such as Kohlberg, Erikson, Piaget and Bandura, is that their focus on learning is that they contribute information to the body of knowledge, they are precise and testable and they offer clinical insights for practical applications in the real life situations. However disparities have shown to take effect. These theories combined often exhibit over simplification of situations, bases its studies on natural settings and pay too little attention to cognition, (Green Piel, 2015). Conclusion Operant conditioning is an effective tool for behaviour change in the classroom set up. However when conditions leads to on beneficial development, it undergoes a process called extinction. It is slow process which can appear to be rarely complete and original behaviour is likely to reappear. In this case, the habits of not participating in class and doing assignments as required may re-occur to the initial stage. Hence care must be observed when achieving behaviour change so as to escape extinction phase. Discipline in class ensures that child development is achieved. Good discipline can be enhanced using the operant conditioning, which it motivates on positive behaviour reinforcement which is applicable to class room environment. With this review, operant conditioning needs to be approached on a balanced approach for effective and maximization of its effect. Key issue is the observance of reward and pupils engagement for the pupils in order to improve the behaviour. Thus in my perspective, operant conditioning is suitable in effective the change of habit among the pupils. Reference AACP (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) and David Pruitt, (2000). Your child emotional behaviour and cognitive development from Birth through preadolescence. De Houwer, J., Barnes-Holmes, D., Moors, A. (2013). What is learning? On the nature and merits of a functional definition of learning. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 20(4), 631-642. Green, M. G., Piel, J. A. (2015). Theories of human development: A comparative approach. Psychology Press. Ormrod, J. E. Rice, F. P. (2003). Lifespan development and learning. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing. Shteingart, H., Loewenstein, Y. (2014). Reinforcement learning and human behavior. Current opinion in neurobiology, 25, 93-98. Skinner in the Classroom Cont. McLeod, S. A. (2007). B.F. Skinner | Operant Conditioning. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html Skinner, B. F., Ferster, C. B. (2015). Schedules of reinforcement. BF Skinner Foundation. Vargas, Julie S. (2005) A Brief Biography of B.F. Skinner, https://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html 2012 B.F. Skinner Foundation Warren, J. M., Hale, R. W. (2016). The influence of efficacy beliefs on teacher performance and student success: Implications for student support services. Journal of Rational-Emotive Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 34(3), 187-208. Wood Chip, (2207). Children in the classroom ages 4-14, 3rd Ed North Esstern Foundation for children.

Jp Hayes Essays (332 words) - Confucianism, East Asian Culture

Jp Hayes Ms. Bingham World Religions and Film 11 November 2017 Confucianism In the modern world for China it is a completely different place then it use to be back when religions and practices were being created. As in the old days people may have cared most about family and relationships when now it is all about money. Money is what runs this world and without it one cannot survive or live well at all. The Confucians believe a lot in social order, family relations, and doing your duty. In the movie the parents duty is to take care of their kids and to do this they have to leave home to make money. They thought they were doing the right thing for their kids and they were not wrong but they couldn't be at home to actual raise them. Confucians really practice caring for their families and in the movies the parents were caring for them by moving just to make enough money for them but at the same time it seems to the kids that the parents aren't there for them. It doesn't matter how much or how little money the parents make the kids aren't going to understand wh y they are in another city and not at home. As a child I didn't know anything about my parents money I just knew they were physically there for me and kept a roof over my head. As China's ways of life are changing it is affecting how people can stay true to their religion. Really the parents in the film full filled their duty of supporting their kids but that physical connection wasn't clear. So the kids believe the parents don't care about them even though they do and so this causes the kids to not want and support their parents as they get older. It might not be happening to everyone yet but the new world we live in is defiantly affecting old religions and how they are practiced.

Abraham Maslow †Theory of Human Motivation

Abraham Maslow – Theory of Human Motivation Free Online Research Papers Abraham Maslow is a well-known psychologist for his theory on human motivation, specifically the hierarchy of needs theory. He is also called the founder of humanistic psychology. Maslow’s theory can also be defined as â€Å"intensity at a task†. This means that greater the motivation, the more constant and intense one will perform a specific task. The basis behind this theory is the knowledge that all behavior is goal driven, meaning one will do tasks according to what they obtain after the task is complete. Maslow has been a very inspirational figure in personality theories. Abraham Harold Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York on April 1, 1908 and the first child out of seven born to his parents. Maslow’s mother and father were uneducated Jewish immigrants from Russia. Wanting the best for their child in the new world, they pressured Maslow hard for academic success. Due to this, he felt very alone as a boy and found haven in books and his schoolwork. He first studied law at the City College of New York to appease his parents as they insisted that he should study law. After attending three semesters, he decided to transfer to Cornell, but then transferred back to City College of New York. On December 31, 1928, Maslow married his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, without his parent’s blessing. Mr. and Mrs. Maslow had two children and moved to Wisconsin where he attended the University of Wisconsin. There Maslow received not only his Bachelor of Arts in 1930, but also went on to obtain a Masters of Arts in 1931 and eventually received his Doctorate in 1934, all in psychology. While in Wisconsin, Maslow met and worked with his chief mentor, Harry Harlow, who was well known for his controversial experiments on Rhesus monkeys and attachment behavior. A year after his graduation, he went back to New York to study with E. L. Thorndike at Columbia, where he became interested in research on human sexuality. (Boeree, 2006) Maslow taught at Brooklyn College full-time, and during his time there, he met many leading European psychologists that were immigrating to the United States, particularly to Brooklyn. These intellectuals were people such as Alfred Adler, Erich From m, Karen Horney, as well as many Freudian and Gestalt psychologists. Maslow served as the chairman of the psychology department at Brandeis University from 1951 to 1969. He began this theoretical work there and met Kurt Goldstein who introduced Maslow to the idea of self-actualization. Also, during his time at Brandeis University, he began his crusade for a humanistic psychology; something ultimately much more important to him than his own theorizing. (Boeree, 2006) In his later years, Maslow spent his semi-retirement in California. After several years of ill health, he passed away on June 8, 1970 from a heart attack at the age of 62. Maslow worked with monkeys in his early career and while doing so he observed that some of our needs take superiority over other needs. One example would be if you are thirsty and hungry, you are most likely to try and satisfy the thirst need first. This is because most humans can do without food for days or even weeks, but our bodies can only go without water for a few days. Thus, thirst is a more powerful need than hunger. Maslow came to find out that when faced with circumstances such as these, one need might take priority over another. From this idea, Maslow created the hierarchy of needs, a systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused. Abraham Maslow projected a general overview of human motivation. His theory strikes a distinctive sense of balance between biological and social needs that integrates many motivational concepts. According to Maslow, individual needs are set in a hierarchy and everyone must satisfy their basic needs before they can satisfy their higher needs. The hierarchy is many times portrayed as a pyramid, beginning with physiological needs at the bottom, then safety and security needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, and self-actualization at the top of this pyramid. The needs at the lower level are the most basic. The higher levels in the pyramid represent progressively less basic needs. Individuals progress upward in the hierarchy when lower needs are fulfilled reasonably well, but they may regress back to lower levels if the basic needs are no longer pleased. (Weiten, 2001, p.506) Maslow used the case study method with subjects that included living persons, Albert Einstein and Eleanor Roosevelt, and historical figures, Abraham Lincoln, all of whom achieved their personal dreams and hopes for society. (Kuntz, 2005, p.12) The physiological needs are our biological needs. They consist of air, water, food, health, rest and sleep, shelter from the elements, and general survival. Human beings who do not meet these needs will often resort to selling themselves for sex, working for very little money or taking things that don’t belong to them in order to acquire them. Physiological needs also have to do with the maintenance of the human body. If we are unwell, then little else matters until we recover. Pain and discomfort can range from mild to excruciating and will have a proportionate effect on our rate of abandoning higher needs. So long as physiological needs are unsatisfied, they exist as a driving or motivating force in a person’s life. A hungry person has a felt need. This felt need sets up both psychological and physical tensions that manifest themselves in overt behaviors directed at reducing those tensions such as wanting something to eat. Once the hunger is sated, the tension is reduced, and the need for food ceases to motivate. At this point, assuming that all the other needs have been meet and are no longer controlling thoughts and behaviors, the needs for safety and security can become active. Safety and security needs can be best defined as the need for stability, freedom from fear and turmoil, dependency, protection, desire for structure and order. In everyday life we may see this as a need to be able to fall asleep at night, secure in the knowledge that we will awake alive and unharmed. In the workplace this need translates into a need for at least a minimal degree of employment security, the wisdom that we cannot be fired on a whim and that appropriate levels of effort and productivity will ensure continued employment. Most adults have little awareness of their security needs except in times of emergency or periods of disorganization in the social structure, such as widespread rioting. Many homeless people wandering the streets and running from the police have no protective shelter and, in times of freezing temperatures, are sometimes found frozen to death on the streets. (Kuntz, 2005, p.11) Using a box as shelter is not enough to protect oneself from harm. We shou ld be able to feel as though our homes are a place of refuge. If our residence is a place of constant uproar, alcoholism, and verbal or physical abuse, we may feel as though we are living in a kind of hell. Having difficulty with the persons whom we live may result in our not wanting to go home. Be it ever so humble, all of us need our home to be a stable sanctuary of safe retreat. (Kuntz, 2005, p.11) When the needs for safety and for physiological well-being are contented, the next class of needs for love, affection and belongingness can emerge. Love and belongingness needs are where an individual seeks affection, friendship, children, a sweetheart, wanting to feel loved, and even a sense of community. Generally, as companionable creatures, humans have a need to belong. In a school setting this need may be satisfied by the ability to interact with a classmate and perhaps to be able to work collaboratively with these colleagues. In our day-to-day life, we exhibit these needs in our desires to marry, have a family, be a member of a church, a brother in a fraternity or part of a social group, or even participate as part of a softball team. In addition, this involves what we might consider when trying to make decisions regarding our careers. As children, these needs are usually fulfilled by the support, closeness, and caring of our families. In our adolescent years we all long to be accepted into the so called â€Å"popular group.† When we become adults these needs are typically met within the families we have sta rted. Once the aforementioned classes of needs are satisfied, the needs for esteem can become dominant. Esteem needs include the desire for self-respect, self-esteem, the esteem of others, recognition, dignity, and appreciation. When focused externally, these needs also include the yearning for reputation, prestige, status, fame, glory, dominance, attention, and importance. People have the desire to not only receive, but to also give. They also want to feel they are loved and that others want to care for them. Most of us feel as though we need to provide something to society. For some individuals this might be achieved in great successes artistically, politically or scientifically. However, this is not the only way one can attain their esteem needs. You can feel as though you have given a contribution by doing volunteer work for a credible association. In addition, one might become involved in their community’s various civic organizations by taking on the role of a leader. One of the most influential ways we can achieve our esteem needs is working at a place of employment we thoroughly enjoy, one where we feel as though we are making a difference in the lives of others in our society. As individuals, we all put our hearts and souls into working towards a profession that we can call our careers. When these needs are frustrated, a person can begin to feel inferior, weak, helpless, or worthless. The next stage in the pyramid is the cognitive needs which are the expression of the natural human need to learn, explore, discover, create, and perhaps even dissect in order to get a better understanding of the world around them. One way to gratify our need for knowledge is by attending school, but as individuals, we are continually learning each day. Some people acquire intelligence by watching the news or reading different newspapers from around the United States to keep up with current events going on in the world. Others may read several different types of books such as biographies or fiction to fulfill their quest for learning. Our need for knowledge may lead us to become research scientists, or we may have a â€Å"nose for the news† and become investigative reporters. (Kuntz, 2005, p.11) Individuals may also satisfy their need for exploration and discovery by traveling to different parts of the world. In order to broaden our horizons or improve our technical skill, we might enroll in classes at a local college or become more involved in leisure recreational activities. The fact is we are all inquisitive humans with a large need for knowledge. It seems that as the world becomes more technology based, we have a greater need to gain further knowledge. Once we have fulfilled our quest for knowledge, we can move on to our aesthetic needs which are the need to express beauty through art, writing, design, and environment. Humans need to refresh themselves in the presence and beauty of nature while carefully engrossing and observing their surroundings to extract the beauty that the world has to offer them. Some particular people have a desire that is so strong, that they might dedicate their whole life in the pursuit of painting, sculpting, singing, writing music or other artistic endeavors. Other people will satisfy this need by possibly tending to a garden, creating new inventions, designing clothing, automobiles, homes or buildings, or just dressing their children and fixing their hair for a party, church or school. In the business world the company knows that when things are going well they are creating a thing of exquisiteness. When drawing up plans for new roads or highways, community planners take great care in trying to care for and protect the earth’s natural beauty. When all of the foregoing needs are satisfied, then and only then are the needs for self-actualization activated. The self-actualizing needs are self-mastery, love, service to others, peak experiences, and suprapersonal goals. Self-actualizing is the need to express the highest potential that we are capable of reaching. (Kuntz, 2005, p.11) People that have reached this level in the pyramid embrace the facts and realities of the world, including themselves, rather than denying or avoiding them. They are spontaneous in their ideas and actions, creative, feel closeness to other people, and generally appreciate life. Many are interested in solving problems; this often includes the problems of others, and by solving these problems it is often a key focus in their lives. Most of them have a system of morality that is fully internalized and independent of external authority. They have discernment and are able to view all things in an objective manner, prejudices are absent. Mainly thi s need is reaching one’s fullest potential. Reference Boeree, C.G., (2006). Abraham Maslow. Personality Theories. Retrieved March 27, 2007 from Boeree’s homepage.http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html Kuntz, L., O’Connell, A., O’Connell, V. (2005). Choice and Change The Psychology of Personal Growth and the Interpersonal Relationships. Seventh Edition (pp. 10-12). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow Weiten, W. (2001). Psychology Themes Variations. Fifth Edition (pp. 505-507). Belmont, California: Thomson Learning, Inc. Research Papers on Abraham Maslow - Theory of Human MotivationEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayStandardized TestingNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Bartleby Essay Research Paper Since he will

Bartleby Essay, Research Paper Since he will non discontinue me, I must discontinue him. ? Ah Bartleby, Ah Humanity. ? ( Page 140, Herman Melville ) This is the key to Bartleby, written by Herman Melville, for it indicates that Bartleby stands as a symbol for humanity. This in bend maps as a commentary on society and the on the job universe, for Bartleby is a apparently homeless, mentally disturbed copyist who gives up on the chance of populating life. However, by making so Bartleby is trying to exert his freewill, for he would? prefer non to? work. His relationship to the storyteller is therefore important, for as he attempts to exert his freewill he is interrupting from the will of the storyteller and the normal patterned advance of life. However, this effort to exert his freewill and interrupt loose from the confines of typical social maps, isolates Bartleby from society, which in bend topographic points him in a province of depression and shortly at that place after, decease. Ultimately, by holding Bartleby? prefer non to, ? Melville is noticing on the function of humanity in the work force. If adult male attempts to interrupt free of his function and exert his ain freewill so he is break uping himself from humanity which in bend will take to depression and possibly decease, for he will hold nil but a wall ever blockading him. From the beginning Bartleby is isolated within the confines of his work topographic point. ? I procured a high green turn uping screen, which might wholly insulate Bartleby from my sight, though non take him from my voice. ? ( pg 111 ) In this citation the storyteller put Arnold, Page 2 up a screen to divide his office from Bartleby? s, which isolates him from the other members of the staff which therefore isolates him from humanity. However, this is non the terminal of the isolation for he is non merely detached from those around him, but society every bit good. ? I placed his desk near up to a little side window, a window that had originally afforded a position of certain grimy backyards, but which commanded at present, no position at all. Within three pess of the strivings was a wall. ? ( pg 110-111 ) This citation demonstrates Bartleby? s entire isolation from society, for even his window, normally a signifier of flight, traps Bartelby behind another wall, which therefore reinforces absolute isolation. Ultimately, every facet of Bartleby? s life further expounds upon the motive of purdah. Bartalby? s effort to exert his freewill finally leads him into an even more anomic province as he estranges himself from his coworkers and his foreman, the storyteller. This resulted from a refusal to follow the orders of the storyteller, for he refused to work or even pass on with him. His lone response shortly became? I would prefer non to, ? which shows his deficiency of engagement and in turn his determination non to interact in society, for he gave up what small life he still had. Ultimately, what he was making, was preferring non to populate, but alternatively merely be. Melville, is therefore noticing on the work force by showing through Bartleby? s continual descend into the abysmal, society confines you behind walls and that if you give in and take to halt life you will blow off as Bartl eby did. Consequently, Bartleby after holding alienated himself so to the full was so left to his ain devices. ? Since he will non discontinue me, I must discontinue him. I will alter my offices ; I will travel elsewhere. ? ( pg 132-133 ) He was deserted wholly, for he was no longer life. Arnold, Page 3 He continued to take a breath, he continued to be, but he was no longer of any usage to society. As he severs himself from humanity, Bartleby is incognizant of the effects. However, these effects as displayed by Melville, remark upon the impact that the work force can hold upon world. Through Bartleby, he demonstrates that one time you give up on life, everyone about will give up on you in bend, as the storyteller did with Bartleby, for you have become an obstructor, much like the walls environing Bartleby. In the terminal, his stubbornness was what led him to decease. For his determination to retreat from society and farther seclude himself led to the decomposition of his psyche. He lost all desire to work, or even map, ? I now recalled all the quiet enigmas, which I had, noted in the adult male. I remembered that he neer spoke but to answer. ? ( pg. 106 ) He shortly became a victim of society, fring all enterprise. Therefore, ? for long periods he would stand looking out, at his picket window behind the screen, upon the dead brick wall, ? ( pg 126 ) and this became his life. He was trapped behind a brick wall and he shortly became so disillusioned by it that he lost sight of life and gave up. Ultimately, his will to? prefer non to? concluded in his decease. Bartleby was imprisoned because of his desire to show his free will and neer go forth his office, even after it was no longer his topographic point of employment. # 8220 ; And to you, this should non be so vile a topographic point . Nothing admonitory attaches to you by being here. And see, it is non so sad a topographic point as one might believe. Look, there is the sky, and here is the grass. # 8221 ; ( pg 137 ) It is dry that one time he is really confined within prison walls, that he is eventually exposed to the outside universe, the sky and grass. Arnold, Page 4 It is even more dry that one time Bartleby is no longer restrained by society? s conformances that it is so that he dies. ? Queerly huddled at the base of the wall, his articulatio genuss drawn up, his caput touching the rocks, I saw the wasted Bartleby. ? ( pg 139 ) Ultimately, one time disillusioned by society and the work force, he died at his ain free will because he? preferred no to? unrecorded. Bartleby? s character remarks upon the maps of society and the work force. This narrative demonstrates that life if non lived is useless, as in the instance of Bartleby, who wastes his away? preferring non to. ? Although, from the beginning he was isolated behind the green turn uping screen with nil but a wall to gaze out, he did non hold to give up his humanity. However, he chose to, he chose to farther isolate himself by his ain stubbornness and accordingly it led to his decease. ? It is unsafe to insulate oneself ; unsafe for and single and for a nation. ? ( Jawaharial Nehru ) For in the terminal, isolation can drive a individual insane, make him muffle, or even kill him. 317

Global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Global warming - Essay Example Several applicable arguments have been made by scholars and other persons claiming it congregates both of these standards (Bourne, 4). The main question students and scholars would like to know is whether or not one form is better than the other. There are several differences between online and face-to-face education. Lecture classrooms are common in universities. They are an easy way to teach a large number of students at once, however, many students dislike lectures because it places them in the majority. In a lecture classroom setting, students may not have the chance to communicate with the professor or even their peers (Kindred). Students may feel shy and intimidated by the amount of people around them. The online discussions, chat rooms, and e-mail features in web-based classes makes it virtually impossible to avoid communication with fellow students or teachers. The social barriers which exist in face-to-face communication often seem to be non-existent in online communication and students feel a lot less pressured to speak up, or should I say "type up". Online communication, however, does not allow for nonverbal cues and this tends to limit the quality of certain discussions and lecture notes. Some students may feel t hey need to be face-to-face with the person teaching them in order to better understand and comprehend the material being presented. Being able to hear what the professor has to say can draw the attention of some and distract the attention of others, sometimes depending on the excellence of the professor. Students are encouraged to try web classes if they have trouble learning from what they hear and find it easier to comprehend what they read. The convenience of online learning is possibly its most brilliant quality. Students find it practical that they can attend a class while sitting in the comfort of their own home. Soldiers, pregnant women, and others with tight schedules are all able to complete their

Strategic Management - Southwest Airlines Essay

Strategic Management - Southwest Airlines - Essay Example Despite having having gone through some legal battles, it has nonetheless pulled from them to be a resounding airline company. However, there is need for a hallmark of strategies within its paradigm of domestic ridership. These strategies should be tailored around offering in flight luxuries such as in flight meals and entertainment, and providing different seating options such as first & business class accommodations (Jackson, 2011). This will go along way in providing what Karami (2003) reckons as a significant component to a firm’s achievement. His view of strategic management is of encompassing the establishment of the groundwork objectives of an organization, by selecting the best goals towards those aims, and seeking to satisfy them with time (Karami, 2003). Strategic formulation, for Southwest Airline Company which will consider and enhance competition for primary categories of customers namely: Travel agents, corporate travel managers, as well as individual travelers, should be the best way forward (Jackson, 2011). Of course, tagging them along that line would lead to adopting strategies that take care of that, and will certainly go along way in being concomitant with what Karami refers to as†¦``prioritizing strategies to pursue’’ (Karami, 2003). ... Beyond that is used to reflect on the Opportunities and Threats exposed by information accrued usually through an evaluation research, the outside environment and by means of comparative studies. In so doing, the team members of an organization as well as the managers employ its usage in the development of a plan (Bohm, 2008). Indeed, it is used in the circumstances of wanting to formulate a strategic plan or often times, crafting out a solution to revert a situation. (Bohm, 2008) So how is SWOT analysis being useful is Southwest Airline? First has been its usefulness in Internal Analysis, which involves the study of the organization’s strengths and weaknesses in a number of theoretically formulated ways (Bohm, 2008). a. Management Capabilities One such is on organizational structure, where the point of focus is usually to examine if the structure limits or enhances flow of information and client responsive mechanisms are in place (Bohm, 2008). Southwest has often demonstrated quick response to clients when their flight delays or a possibility of a flight not taking off due to weather conditions. Besides, the organizational organ gram is such the pecking order is clear and so flow of information to the right people is promptly facilitated for action (Daft, 2008). Beyond this, the strength in communication is further compounded by the fact that Southwest Airline has internet presence. It was indeed one of the first airlines to have a website. However, one the weakness within its website is that prices are not outlined to enable customers have knowledge in advance just by the click of ‘mouse’. Regardless of this, it is reported that it is so far the largest in terms of

Game Theories Essay Example for Free

Game Theories Essay In â€Å"Game theories†, Clive Thomson contrasts the differences and similarities between the real world and that of the gaming world, through his depiction and analysis of the economics in both environments. To further drive Thomson’s insight, As a group we discussed two main points that are integral in understanding his perspective on the matter. One, the idea of an â€Å"economical pure model,† a scenario that is present in the gaming world as all individuals are born equal. Two, corruption- the idea that venality exists, and can exist the same way in the gaming world. The existence of both of these topics solidifies Thomson’s claims and can be explored through various examples and scenarios. As Smith states, â€Å"people inherently prefer a free market and the ability to rise above others,† a market that is non-existent as the world offers no â€Å"truly level playing field. † As individuals, we are born into an unpredictable environment that varies immensely between people. Whether the variation occurs in status, finance or cultural demographic, it’s impossible to create a baseline where we can interpret all as equal. â€Å"Capital was inherently unfair and those with power would abuse it,† thus there is no â€Å"pristine world† that exists. However, the gaming world offers individuals with the opportunity to begin as equals. There is no advantage to birth in this surreal world, and thus creating â€Å"the world’s first egalitarian polity. This ideal world is enjoyed by the millions of gaming fanatics who enjoy the undoing of â€Å"all the inequities in society,† something which can only be dreamt about in our world today. Ironically, the corruption that exists in our reality is also mirrored in the gaming community. Players can create businesses within the game, whether clean or dirty, a player can acquire currency through their endeavours. For example, certain individuals within the highly popular simulation game ca lled The Sims Online, a player developed a chain of brothels which led to sizeable profit in gaming currency. Another created a mafia that had the ability to red flag other players and eventually push them to be blacklisted leaving them isolated from other fellow gamers. Through the gaming worlds creation of an egalitarian polity we are shown the existence of an economic pure model in a surreal environment. Corruption that exists in society today is also equally present in the gaming world, that which is produced by the player. Both of these topics were openly discussed and used to further empower Thomson’s contrast of both worlds.

Global Autonomous Essay -- Papers

Global Autonomous Traffic control system tracts the movement of vehicles as they travel through defined traffic blocks and optimize the travel of vehicles in accordance with a multi-level priority scheme. Each traffic block is defined in the Traffic Control Software and by placing a tag in a haulage area. Enhancement of this tool is necessary to accommodate future Traffic Control System requirements. This paper will concentrate on that effort. 1. INTRODUCTION First allow us to take a moment and full acknowledge that the idea of a system to manage the flow of emergency traffic is not new one. There are many companies that develop, manufacture, distribute, and install emergency traffic management systems. Have you ever been wedged in bumper-to-bumper traffic with a stoplight to your front and an emergency vehicle (Ambulance, Fire Truck, Police) with sirens blaring to your rear? So, what do you? Where do you go? How do you get out of the way? I mean after all, it is reasonably to assume that every call for aid is a matter of life or death. If we perceive this to true then most expeditious manner of saving lives is to bring aid quickly. If we accept the premise that in order to save lives, we must increase our response time to such calls for aid, then we must ask ourselves how? We will discuss the how, a little later. 2. EXAMPLES OF EXISTING TECHNOLOGY While conducting research we found many examples of technologies, which are comparable to our concept, but not exactly. Emergency Traffic Management Systems: Ø EPS-II is the prodigy of Emergency Preemption Systems, Incorporated (http://www.epsincorp.com) it is... ...o empty lines after the abstract text. u Three empty lines before the References heading. u One empty line before the footer text (proprietary marking). author information: u The form used for author entry differs with the number of authors. For one author, center the name and contact info. For 2-3 authors, substitute the author information in the table provided. For 4 or more authors, provide contact info for only one author, and list the authors' names in a comma-separated list. Delete the forms that you do not use. references: u APA style with hanging indent (as shown in the examples). The hanging indent is typically indented four character spaces; here we have inserted a tab at the second slash mark on the text formatting ruler. A Style called "Reference" will format the reference.

American History X

In the scene where Dr. Sweeney visited Derek in prison to update him of Danny's regression in school, it signified that despite their contradicting racial roots both still agreed to forward a common cause which is to secure a better future for Danny. Meanwhile, in the opening scene of the movie, Danny and Dr. Sweeney where having a confrontation about Danny's racist paper. This particular scene showed that Dr. Sweeney who is perceived by Danny as an enemy because of his color and position as an authority figure can initiate change to a person who is closed-minded.Though Danny and Derek have the same genes and grew up in the same environment, both characters have developed contrasting point of views at the latter part of the movie. This illustrated that personal convictions and mind-set can be altered once a person is exposed to a new condition or situation. As for the symbolic interaction between Derek and Murray, similarities in race does not guarantee a harmonious relationship. Der ek's animosity with Murray is not rooted on discrimination but it was based on his desire to protect his family and preserve his father's image.2. How would differential association explain the progression from conformity to deviance for (A) Derek (B) Danny. Prior to the tragic death of their father, Derek and Danny were normal in the sense that they did not have any erroneous feelings towards other people. This incident was exploited by a supremacist who preached about the domination of the white race. Because Derek and Danny would mostly hang out with other people who have the same ideals as a supremacist, they changed their ideology and lifestyle dramatically.The modification in their behavior from being carefree to being a racist and selective have pushed them to commit racial crimes like thrashing a convenient store of a foreign immigrant and mercilessly killing a black man. Derek from being a typical suburban boy became a leader of a racist group. As for Danny, he acquired his dislike for minority groups from his brother. He looked up at Derek like he was his father. Since Danny idolized his brother, he imitated all his actions and beliefs regardless of whether it is right or wrong. 3. What was communicated from Derek to Danny?Derek greatly influenced his brother. When he tried to change the world by degrading other people, Danny supported him. But when Derek tried to undo what he had done to his brother, Danny was hesitant. However, at the end of the movie, Danny made a conclusion through his paper that differences should not impose conflict because in the end people are all the same and the idea of coexisting harmoniously is not far fetched because every human being has his/her innate good nature. 4. Derek is progressing out of deviance while Danny is becoming deviant.Why? (Use differential association to explain) According to Edwin Sutherland, a criminologist, deviance is manifested when a person sees a specific situation as a suitable opportunity to break the law or conventional beliefs. More so, through a person's personal historical accounts based on previous associations with other people, a situation is defined (cited in Florida State University, 2008, â€Å"Differential Association Theory†). In the movie, Derek changed from being a racist to an open-minded person because of his experiences in jail.His preconceived notions about supremacist ideals were not upheld inside the dog eat dog world of the penal system. In his dismay, he fostered a close relationship with a black man and realized that the color of the skin of a person does not dictate one's capabilities and traits. Since Derek's awakening, he changed his attitude and focused more on eminent issues such as the reconstruction of his broken family. When Derek's was having an enlightenment, Danny was immersing himself to a deviant life.This was made possible because Danny's life revolved around an exclusive group whose ideals were centered on racism. His knowled ge of what is right or wrong and good or bad were based on the activities that happened within his group. Since most of his friends saw every situation as a chance to violate laws and the norms, they committed several crimes. By mere association, Danny is engulfed in the deviant system of his group. References â€Å"Differential Association Theory. † 2008. Florida State University. 19 March 2008 .

Communication Climate In the Film “On Golden Pond”

Climate in movies can be developed in a variety of ways, depending on the theme, characters, and genre. The movie On Golden Pond has an award winning cast. Two of the actors are father and daughter in real life, Henry and Jane Fonda. The task of creating a communication climate is centered on an important contemporary theme: the challenges of aging, bonds between male and female, man and child. These topics are all issues that theatre-goers can relate to. The communication climate, thus, becomes a central element story development and creating pace while keeping the viewer’s interest peaked. The film opens with breath-taking view of New England landscape, panning in and out of the quiet, peaceful lake. This reinforces the emotional attitude of the film from the beginning. Enter crotchety old Norman Thayer and soft-spoken, yet affirming wife, Ethel. The film-maker, well-aware of the highly publicized problems revolving around Henry Fonda and his son and daughter, uses this to add impact to the film’s emotional sentiment. Norman and Ethel arrive to their remote vacation home without anyone in sight. Ethel’s hands are full and she cannot open the door. She needs Norman’s help and knocks on the door. â€Å"Someone’s at the door,† says Norman, not even looking up from his book. â€Å"It’s me you old poop,† Ethel says. This brief dialogue speaks volumes about who is the enabler in this marriage. Norman’s age and life-long frustrations are clouding his memory and his ability to keep up with life. Norman expresses his concerns over death in subtle ways. He vents his frustration on loved ones by being irritable, short-tempered, and using quick-witted sarcasm. It’s obvious that sarcasm has been a life-long sentiment in the Thayer household. The sarcasm between Norman and his daughter Chelsea has built walls that have silenced their ability to express true feelings for one another. Thus, Norman uses discomforting messages for the majority of the film. Here’s an example of Norman’s sarcasm regarding his daughter’s new love. â€Å"She’s fallen in love with a dentist,† says Ethel, full of compassion. â€Å"Good God! They’ll be staring at our teeth all the time,† is Norman’s response. The humor of the scene makes its mark while viewers are led to question Norman’s love and respect for his daughter. Does he, on a subconscious level, regret his lifetime of treating Chelsea unfairly? The film, unfortunately, treats the stereotypical grumpy old man with simplicity, never reaching into the heart of the matter. In fact, the only recognition between Chelsea and Norman comes in the closing scene of the film where they embrace as Chelsea says, Goodbye Norman†¦er dad. † This verbal message does hold impact but the true reconciliation between father and daughter remains unknown. Ethel, in contrast to Norman’s character, uses confirming messages entirely through the film. Her deep love for Norman is shown by her willingness and unconditional acceptance of Norman’s less than joyous persona. Norman creates more humor in a scene that normally would lead people to show a little respect; for, an elderly woman who also lived on Golden Pond died recently. Norman doesn’t even bat an eye as he informs the mailman of this news and says, â€Å"one of the lesbians expired. † More disconfirming messages by Norman. The film maker shows Norman with his guard down in a scene where he gets lost hunting for strawberries near the house. He runs back until he bumps into their property. Norman waits for the mailman to leave before stating his angst to Ethel. It is one of the rare times, maybe the only time, that Norman uses confirming messages. â€Å"(I had to) Come running back to see your pretty face. I could feel safe. I was still me. † â€Å"You’re my knight in shining armor. † Ethel responds as she held his face gently in her hands. â€Å"You're gonna get back up on that horse and I’ll be right behind you. And away we’re gonna go, go, go. † Ethel, once again, uses her confirming voice to heal. Billy Ray Jr. upon meeting Norman shows respect. It’s Norman’s 80th birthday celebration. Billy Ray Jr. tries to make a connection. â€Å"I just had a birthday two weeks ago. † Norman says, â€Å"Hmm. We’re practically twins. † Billy Ray Sr. also shows respect for Norman, using confirming messages. â€Å"Love your house,† says Billy Ray Sr. â€Å"Thank you. It’s not for sale,† retorts Norman. Their dialogue continues as Norman uses more disconfirming messages and Billy Ray Sr. uses confirming messages. â€Å"Norman? You mind if I call you Norman? † â€Å"I believe you just did,† says Norman coolly. In closing, communication is what creates the climate of the film. Dialogue and body language are what keep the story moving along at a jovial clip. It is a wonderful film with a message about how challenging life can be for individuals when communication has little honesty. When people put up fronts and refuse to share their feelings, it leads to disjointed relationships and people wind up feeling hurt. This pain can cause further distress on a person’s life. The only solution is to share feelings and believe in the power that results when a cohesive family bond develops.

Analyse the Differences Between Creative Learning and Creativity Essays

Analyse the Differences Between Creative Learning and Creativity Essays Analyse the Differences Between Creative Learning and Creativity Essay Analyse the Differences Between Creative Learning and Creativity Essay Creativity In educational environments creative learning and creativity can have a variety of meanings. Creativity consists of traditional creative arts and the development of imagination and imaginative play, such as role play and small world play. Creativity is about helping children to find ways to express themselves through a range of arts and crafts, such as crafts e. g. sewing, drawing and painting, design, music and creative movement e. g. dance. Creativity is about exploring emotions and expressions, therefore, the focus of creativity in this sense is only partially about producing an end product and is more about enjoying and learning from the process. Creativity in this context, links to the Creative Development area of learning both in the EYFS in England and the Foundation Phase in Whales. Creative Learning Creative learning is about helping children develop imaginative thinking through an exploration of materials/objects and problem-solving skills, such as construction and ICT. It is also about giving children opportunities to make connections between different areas and to relate to them. Some creative learning activities may be goal orientated for example making a den. The den is the goal but the children will be exploring the different materials to use for a roof or planning out how to support the roof, therefore, they will be practicing their problem-solving skills. Theoretical approaches Up to press there are several different theoretical approaches that aim to explain creativity and creative learning. It can be a complicated area because being creative involves many processes. Cognitive theories Cognitive theories involve the ways in which children and young people make associations and connections between things. They focus on the way in which the brain processes information. Some theorists such as Robert Sternberg and Howard Gardener, argue that being able to make new connections and create a drawing from them is a type of intelligence. In our own children’s settings cognitive theories suggest that professionals need to provide plenty of first hand experiences and opportunities for children so that they can develop knowledge and draw on their own views and experiences. Nature or nurture Nature versus nurture is a debate in the area of psychology. In terms of children’s creativity, some think children are born naturally creative, for example having a gift for music or having a creative personality. This is known as the nature theory. Others believe creativity is something that can be taught. This is known as the nurture theory.

Using Kiosk Banking to Lower Cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Using Kiosk Banking to Lower Cost - Essay Example Such machines, also called electronic kiosks, are used for data retrieval, information gathering, and dispensing banking services. They have an interface platform and a personal computer powered by software to handle financial transactions. Some kiosks also have videoconferencing, magnetic stripe readers, smart card reader and â€Å"electronic pads† that reproduce signatures on laser printed mortgage forms. The banks also realized later that the use of kiosks needs to be marketed pro-actively. These machines can’t attract customers on their own. Olivetti North America Inc, of Liberty Lake, Washington and NCR, Dayton, Ohio are the market leaders in manufacture of kiosks, though not without competition. The kiosks may differ in variety, color, style and working. Washington Mutual Bank of Seattle has installed its kiosks in discount stores where they are used for requesting loan applications besides normal banking functions. The Bank is also experimenting in the kiosk usage in absence of store staff. The Bank feels that the kiosks have made a positive difference to the business. Ed Reger, vice-president of the Bank says that unlike some other banks, they will not give up on developing customer relations and will not put up kiosks in stand alone environment. Reger feels that places like retail outlets, offices of realtors, and retirement homes hold great potential for the use of kiosks. In a typical kiosk operation, a person can fill an application to open a bank account, append electronic signatures and discuss with customer s ervice department through video conferencing. However, the high costs associated with the technology dissuade smaller institutions from using it. Meanwhile NCR and Affinity Technology group have joined hands to put to use NCR software to develop automated lending capabilities. On the other hand, Olivetti kiosks have different core module for different operations. The machine of Dyad Inc., another manufacturer helps the customers to secure a

Reading Interaction Jurnal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reading Interaction Jurnal - Essay Example For instance, in India a guru or a wise man is a revered person with followers comprising mostly the young people. Additionally, the path set by gurus is full of respect because it assists in the search for wisdom. On that note, before attempting to become a guru, one should understand the underlying implications such as doubt and preparation instead of harboring skepticism and doubt. This implies that a critical mind is fundamental in developing a philosophical approach. This affirms that critical thinking is crucial in various spheres of life ranging from economics, social issues and for democracies. Unfortunately, even in situations where freethinkers exist, tyrants and dictators make it hard for such minds to thrive. Critical thinkers, according to the author, were even accepted in the ancient times but this does not permit a person to develop superior complex habits. The mind should only be used for comprehending philosophy. In the next chapter, there is the urgency to understan d the meaning of words. This includes making assessment on one’s personal development before entering a philosophy class. Accordingly, philosophy being a mysterious subject, it is imperative for the learner to draw examples from multiple facets of life such as listening to the prime minister on the radio. Contrastingly, origins of philosophy can be traced to Greece and science hence its mythical status. Philosophy is also attached with the love of gaining wisdom or knowledge and should follow the ancient Greek customs. In the same trajectory, associating historical monuments with great philosophers such as Nietzsche, Kant and Descartes exposes philosophy as a broader subject. It, therefore, implies that approaching philosophy is a tough act unlike visiting a monument. Similarly, philosophical traditions espouse values and ideas that encompass quoting people such as Moliere, Aristotle and Plato. Overcoming large words is another obstacle afflicting many people who are interest ed in learning philosophy. This requires complete patience and mastery of important jargons to attain the possibilities. When it comes to trying out philosophy, it is not recommended with cafes. As noted in chapter 6, disagreements erupting from such settings may prevent people from distinguishing between what is good and bad. Conversations that are lively between friends often degenerate into strong exchanges that lack substance. Philosophy may become an emotive subject especially if it attacks figures such as Andy Warhol without considering the existing concepts that define philosophy. It is thus advisable to assess the reasons behind any argument before delving into any exchanges. However, in the scene of Socrates and Hippias, the two characters are competing in terms of brilliance and sophistry. Socrates, for example, is a man who is focused on modesty in order to understand others such when he meets a certain braggart. This demonstrates a complicated problem where he tends to a ct to fit in an evolving society. Hippias, on the other hand, attempts the value of appropriateness but fails because he does not have a higher critical thinking as shown by Socrates. Conversely, there is a difficulty with Plato as a philosopher who writes subtle dialogues and complex narratives that attempts to connect harmony and coherence in life. On that perspective, it differs from Socratic dialogue that has a direction in the

English 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English 2 - Essay Example My immediate inspiration was my pictures. Looking through my pictures gave me a few ideas for scrapbook pages. In the end, my finished scrapbook had pages revolving around holidays and my birthdays and involving the gathering of my friends and family. The activity made me discover that scrap booking is a fun and creative outlet and past time activity (Carter 3). To reward my friend for her help, I told her I was cooking for dinner and asked her to stay. Being not busy on weekends, I often find cooking a great way to relax without spending a lot of money eating out. I love Chinese food and rice is one of my favorites as well, so I cooked my favorite Chinese fried rice recipe. We spent the rest of the evening eating and watching videos. I am planning to do some long overdue cleaning in my room this coming weekend. I have to admit that I am one of the most disorganized human beings there is, but cleaning my room on Saturday morning should still give me enough time for some leisure activity on Sunday. I plan to start with the cabinets and drawers of my room, which I had stuffed with all kinds of junk. Then I will organize my belongings, get rid of garbage and put my clothes in their proper place. Once I have cleaned everything in the room, I will begin throwing away all the trash. I will take all that I want to get rid of and place them in a garbage bag to be donated to charity. After organizing my room, all I have to do is to vacuum or sweep the floor, clean any mirrors or glass surfaces, and make the bed. Investing the time to change bed sheets, organize the drawers, and my table will ensure that I have a comfortable Sunday. On Sunday, I will be stressed out and in need of some rest and relaxation. That is why I am considering spending the entire day reading a novel I had recently bought. For me, reading is an effective way to relax and recharge my tired body. As soon as I come home from church in the morning, I will turn off my cell phone, play some light

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example The welcome celebration was like a play while the serious part or the educational phase was supposed to be like work. However one was to work harder if he or she wanted to play hard which was a feature of the university. Indirectly, with the use of the term, ‘play’ and ‘work’ he made the message clear to the students that one had to study profusely side by side the celebrations at the university. This is a metaphorical comparison used here. He mixes this with an air of practicality without giving high philosophical sermon. The speech is a combination of run on and short sentence, which make it more interesting and ear catching. The author also explains the essence of freedom and responsibility, which will be the two main things they will learn in the University. In order to face this challenge of handling responsibility one has to master the art of self-control and self-discipline. Everyone should take the responsibility for not oneself only but also for his or her fellow mates or roommates. He even indicated a message of secularity when he said that they were from different ethnic backgrounds or religions but under the single umbrella of the university. He directly asks them to develop a community spirit among themselves within the campus but he never fails to mention strategically that an independent spirit is always admired more than a sheep. He made an indication to the drug addicts and alcoholics who follow the bandwagon impact of relishing in the momentary pleasure derived from these substances. He de-motivates them from taking to these habits by saying that losing control is never smart. He also makes them aware of the severe consequences one may face if they lose control and fall for these habits. He makes them realize with the help of metaphorical comparison that their lives were too precious to take lightly. He generated in them an urge of

Langston Hughes On The Harlem Renaissance English Literature Essay

Langston Hughes On The Harlem Renaissance English Literature Essay The Harlem Renaissance began in 1925 and ended in1935.The Harlem Renaissance was once referred to as the Negro Renaissance. It began in this time period because of the financial and educational problems throughout this period. The movement was centered in the ghetto of Harlem, in New York City. During this postwar ease many of the black writers tried to involve the younger generations. A fresh generation of writers emerged, although a few were born in Harlem and the movement was accelerated by grants and scholarships and supported by white writers. Langston Hughes was often labeled the Poet Laureate of Harlem, particularly because his poetry retained the rhythm, idiosyncrasy, and dialect of his culture a fact that often saw him slandered by those who viewed his honest expression as underscoring all the elements of black existence they feared and hated. Langston Hughes had an impact on black literature that cannot be overstated, from his simple, direct but brutally honest poetry and influence in forming the Harlem Renaissance to his career as a journalist of human rights. Hughes was very talented and versatile, and he was able to write in any genre with equal ease and skill. Hughes was an inspiration to other young black men, particularly the young writers because of his unique character. He also served as both an inspiration and a mentor for these younger writers. With his sweet poetic voice, nurturing generosity, abundant humor, and abiding love of his people, Langston Hughes was one of the most dominant voices in American literature for this time period, and perhaps the single most influential black poet ever. Hughes continued writing through the 1930s and the 1940s, speaking for the poor and the homeless black people who suffered during the Great Depression. He wrote of their daily lives in American cities, of their anger and th eir loves. Black people loved reading his works and hearing him read his poems at public presentations all over the country. To them he was Harlems Poem. When Hughes died in 1967, a jazz band played at his funeral. The Harlem Renaissance was a very influential time period of literary and creativity because of the many talented artists that contributed their hard work that went on to earn many different awards. Among these hardworking artists is a man named Countee Cullen who without knowing it had a major impact on this time period although his ideas usually differed with others. Countee Cullen and many of the other artists during the Harlem Renaissance differed because he thought of art as race-less and customary. While most others believed that race was not portrayed through their form of artistic expression, Cullens differences caused people to respect the fact that he chose not to express race through his poetry. Despite what Cullen admitted to Langston Hughes about wanting to be recognized as a poet, not a Negro poet, he spent most of his life proving that a black poet could surely singand sing in a black voice. In fact, five of the seven volumes of poetry that bear Cullens name have, in t heir very titles, a basis for racial themes that is borne out in the poetry itself. Yet, Cullens poetry reveals a man who was torn between allegiances to his blackness and his vocation as a race-less poet. Langston Hughes was one of the most important writers and thinkers of the Harlem Renaissance, which was the African American artistic movement in the 1920s that celebrated black life and culture. Hughess creative genius was influenced by his life in Harlem, New York. His literary works helped shape American literature and politics. Hughes, like others active in the Harlem Renaissance, had a strong sense of racial pride. Through his poetry, novels, plays, essays, and childrens books, he promoted equality, condemned racism and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, humor, and spirituality. In many ways Hughes always remained loyal to the principles he had laid down for the younger black writers in 1926. His art was firmly rooted in race pride and race feeling even as he cherished his freedom as an artist. He was both nationalist and international. As a radical democrat, he believed that art should be accessible to as many people as possible. Unlike other notable black poet s of the period-Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, and Countee Cullen-Hughes refused to differentiate between his personal experience and the common experience of black America. He wanted to tell the stories of his people in ways that reflected their actual culture, including both their suffering and their love of music, laughter, and language itself. He was perhaps the most original of African American poets and, in the breadth and variety of his work, assuredly the most representative of African American writers. The Harlem Renaissance was an explosion of African-American arts, with middle and upper-class blacks as the dominant leaders. Poetry has never celebrated pride in African-American culture more than that period in the 20s. The reasons behind the outburst of artists, ways in which the written word was expressed, and the artists lasting effect on today show how much the Harlem Renaissance was one of the most brilliant artistic movements in history. His works conveyed life as he saw it. His collection of works called Color, printed in 1925, put the Harlem Renaissance to a new height because of its ability to show social realities. Cullen was awarded the Witter Bynner Undergraduate Poetry Prize from New York University. Cullen was criticized for being conventional, for using the British romantic poets as his models, and for insisting that poetry in general should be free of racial and political matters. The Harlem that Hughes loved and where he lived most of his life was an exciting place. This newly developed suburb of New York City was planned, laid out, and built almost too fast; the bottom dropped out of the real estate market in 1904-1905. Harlem had broad boulevards, beautiful town houses, and exclusive apartment buildings-but no residents. Desperate to rent to anyone, many developers began to open Harlem to blacks, and by 1914 Harlem was a black city. Its population almost exploded during the years of the First World War as blacks from the South moved north in search of better jobs and fuller citizenshipthe beginning of what came to be known as the Great Migration. Langston Hughes was often labeled the Poet Laureate of Harlem, particularly because his poetry retained the rhythm, idiosyncrasy, and dialect of his culture a fact that often saw him slandered by those who viewed his honest expression as underscoring all the elements of black existence they feared and hated. Â  Cu ltural developments do reflect American society as much as government policies or maybe more. Much of the literature, art, and music emerging during the first half of the twentieth century came from African Americans, but people of all races and cultures were involved. Films also reflected society a lot during this time. Â   The Harlem Renaissance was a movement that gave black people a cultural uniqueness though literature and art. Most of the literature focused on realistically portraying black life, life in the ghetto, and other black issues. Langston Hughes was one of the major black writers to emerge from this movement. Hughes was a great writer with much diversity in his types of writings. He wrote plays, novels, poems, essays, short stories, and much more. Most of his writings were of the realities of black life, racism, ghetto and slum life, no jobs for black man and much more.

Wellness :: essays research papers

Freshman seminar Wellness paper 101 Ways of doing It With Out Actually doing it This program totally wasn’t what I expected it to be. To my surprise the whole thing was actually about relationships, and what to do on dates without having sex, and or sexual influence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Attending college is a very different experience. It’s when most of us experience life situations and learn to make our own decisions. The problem is that many students, due to the influence of our society, decide to have sex because â€Å"everybody else is doing it†. But what many students don’t realize is that there both rewards and consequences when dealing with sexual intercourse. This is an important issue, especially when most of my fellow peers believe in â€Å"casual sex†. I personally believe that sex is something that shouldn’t be taking lightly†¦in other words, I’m not anybody’s booty call!!!!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyways, back to the seminar. In the discussion, many of us realized that dates seem to be a thing of the past. No one really goes on a â€Å"one on one† date anymore. Its always a group thing, going out to a party or just hanging out. I can’t even remember if I’ve ever been on a real date myself. Relationships lack that solid foundation of one to one communication, which is probably why most teens have sex: it’s what’s expected, yet nobody talks about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the seminar, we were educated in finding other ways to express ourselves and feelings to each other. Even though some were far-fetched and unrealistic (for example: a grave yard walk), some were actually feasible (example: a picnic). A few of the other suggestions included a K-mart party, which I personally would’ve evr thought of, but I guess it is another alternative to sex. Some of the more realistic ones included walks on the beach, athletic activities, dinner and a movie. Hopefully some of these ideas will be used around campus instead of sex. Many attending the meeting suggested other dating ideas such as horseback riding, test driving cars and playing golf. I didn’t quite agree with them because a.) horses are big animals b.) I don’t have a license and c.) I HATE golf!!!! Also during the seminar, we participated in an activity. We were split into groups, based on gender. The girls that attended the seminar wrote down some of the things they like to do and some of the things they hate, the boys in the room did the same.

Detailed explanation of how other businesses support the retail sector P2 Essay

There are many different businesses that help in the retail sector to keep the business going and running efficiently and without these businesses it would be extremely hard if not impossible to get a business off the ground or even keep one running. Opening a sports shop in Manchester To begin with we need a place for all the money to go so that we can keep track of incoming and outgoing money so we need a business account with a bank. A bank is a business that provides a place for you to hold your money securely and also providing a way to track and manage your money and accounts making it easier for you to manage your taxes sales and expenditures and having an account you need someone to manage these for you so you would need an accountant there are businesses that can provide you with an accountant or accountants that will work for you they manage your accounts balancing your sales, expenditures and your taxes giving you more time to work on other areas of the business. A lot of business is now done on computers or if it’s a shop on tills so this requires a place for you to get your computers, tills or other hardware needed to run the store being a sports shop we will be using tills for the sales of products, computers for managing accounts and emailing, printers for making bank notes, receipts and bills and telephones for making calls to make sales and orders so we will need a phone company to provide us with a phone line and an account with them for phone usage, an internet provider to give us an internet connection so that we can send e-mails, check accounts online, make a website to advertise and even sell our goods on which will require a web designer who will make the website and manage it for us. We also need electronics stores that could sell us the computers, telephones and printers. Tills are a specialist item to buy so you will need to find a company that will provide and perform the necessary upkeep on them and we also need I.T specialists who can provide us with the software and management of the software for the tills and computers. We also need to find a supplier to provide us with the sportswear and sporting goods for us to sell a supplier is a company that usually make the goods themselves or buy it from the manufacturers and sell everything in bulk for a cheap price and then you sell the goods on for a profit, so they are two more businesses that can help us manufacturers and  suppliers without these businesses we would struggle to get the goods we need to sell. Then we need logistics companies to transport these goods to us and even from us to the customers, we might also need a place to store our goods so we will need warehousing and possibly security services to make it safe to store the goods so you might look into security companies/businesses that will manage the shops and warehouses. We also have accidents at work in stores and possible needs for legal action so we could do with lawyers/solicitors so finding a law firm that can help is also a good thing to be aware of. When you have problems with the buildings that you are using for your business activities you will need trades people to fix any issues you may be having i.e. Say your plumbing is leaking or toilet facilities or malfunctioning you will need to find a plumber to come and fix the problems you are having, if you need lighting or sockets or general electrical work doing you will need an electrician, if you are building a new building you will need architects, brick layers, window fitters, roofers, carpenters, electricians, plumbers, landscapers and possibly more to make your new building. If you want to expand your business and help it grow but you haven’t got the money for it straight away you might consider looking for investors who will give you the money upfront for your business venture for a percentage of the company profits. We also have accidents and tragedies that happen and could cause problems or losses within a company and for these times you can also get insurance from an insurance company who will help you and even pay for any issues that need to be fixed and solved. So to sum it all up there are many businesses that we need to make a business and to keep a business running and without these different businesses there would be no retail and no business.